The optimal rate of weight loss is 0.5-1 kg weekly. How quickly we shed pounds depends on diverse factors. It is also essential to remember that body weight does not decrease in a linear fashion. What are the reasons behind this and when should we begin to worry?
The physiology of the fat oxidation process
Excessive accumulation of fat tissue in the body is caused by a positive energy balance, which means that the body is receiving more calories than it can use. A positive energy balance (ED > EW) is the result of excessive energy supply through food (ED) and insufficient energy expenditure through metabolic processes and physical activity (EW). To maintain or reduce body weight, it is necessary to achieve a negative energy balance, which can be achieved by increasing physical activity and energy expenditure by the body. This allows the fat tissue to be used as an energy source by synthesizing ATP. In order to burn fatty acids, they must first be released from fat cells through lipolysis. Fatty acids are stored in fat cells as triglycerides, which are broken down by hormonal lipase, releasing fatty acids into the bloodstream. Fatty acids are transported to the muscles, where they are oxidized and used as an energy source. Lipolysis can be stimulated by hormones such as adrenaline, which are released during physical activity. The intensity and duration of exercises determine whether glycogen or fatty acids are used as an energy source. The maximum use of fatty acids occurs during training at an intensity of 40-75% VO2max. FATmax is an intensity level of exercises at which fat burning is highest. Above this level, the use of fatty acids as an energy source decreases. The minimum duration of exercises to achieve an effect on fat burning is 30 minutes. In a study by Wang J. and colleagues, women aged 45-59 years underwent 10 weeks of regular training with individually adjusted intensity to optimally burn fat reserves. After completing the study, the participants had a significantly reduced amount of fat tissue and muscle mass remained at the baseline level. Body weight was reduced by an average of 3 kg, which means that the participants lost about 0,3 kg per week.
You have started reading a PRO article
You can preview the first chapter. To read the complete article and unlock all content, upgrade to a PRO account.