Mood disturbances linked to premenstrual tension syndrome and their association with compulsive overeating behaviors

During the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, particularly in the two weeks preceding menstruation, significant shifts occur in a woman's hormonal profile. Estrogen and progesterone levels fluctuate markedly, exerting a direct impact on the synthesis and release of serotonin within the central nervous system. As a key neurotransmitter, serotonin plays a pivotal role in regulating mood, satiety, and impulse control. A drop in serotonin levels during this phase frequently results in depressive symptoms, irritability, and an intense craving for rapidly digestible carbohydrates. The body intuitively seeks foods capable of quickly elevating serotonin, which physiologically accounts for the strong urges toward sweets and baked goods.

Beyond neurobiological factors, psychological and behavioral aspects play a critical role in compulsive eating episodes associated with premenstrual tension syndrome. Endorphin levels, which peak during ovulation, steadily decline during the subsequent stages of the cycle, potentially resulting in emotional instability and frustration. Many affected individuals have learned over time to utilize food—particularly high-sugar and high-fat snacks—as a coping mechanism for stress, loneliness, or negative emotions. While this learned behavior offers short-term relief and stimulates the brain's reward system, over the long term, this cycle triggers feelings of guilt, weight gain, and consequently, heightened psychological stress.

To counteract the adverse effects of premenstrual syndrome on appetite, targeted modifications to dietary habits are of paramount importance. A nutrition plan rich in complex carbohydrates from whole grains, vegetables, and legumes is strongly recommended, as it stabilizes blood glucose levels and prevents drastic insulin spikes. Furthermore, ensuring an adequate intake of magnesium, B vitamins (particularly B6), and omega-3 fatty acids is crucial, as these nutrients have been scientifically shown to support nervous system regulation and mitigate mood swings. Maintaining regular meal patterns and avoiding extreme dietary restrictions also helps effectively prevent severe food cravings.