Avoiding Infections During Pregnancy – Caring for Mother and Baby Health
Oliwia Kaczmarek
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Diets Premium Expert • 25.09.2026
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Scientifically reviewed by a clinical dietitian:
This article has been peer-reviewed for adherence to IŻŻ, WHO, and PTGiP clinical nutritional standards.
| Diets Premium Expert Oliwia Kaczmarek | min read 6 min | Scientifically reviewed by a clinical dietitian 25.09.2026 |
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Key Takeaways
Pregnancy is an exceptional period in every woman's life. The choices and behaviour of the expectant mother have a significant impact not only on her wellbeing but also on the proper development of her unborn offspring. It is particularly important to deal with colds and infections, which may seem innocuous, but inadequate medical care can lead to serious repercussions. Therefore, possessing reliable and safe information about the methods of handling them, especially during pregnancy, is key to ensuring the best health for both mother and child.
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Potential hazards of infections during pregnancy
Infections during pregnancy can pose significant risks to both maternal and fetal health. They may elevate the likelihood of severe inflammatory conditions such as bronchitis, pneumonia, or otitis media. Additionally, they can contribute to premature rupture of membranes, which is associated with preterm delivery. Infections may also exacerbate pre-existing conditions like asthma or diabetes, leading to worsened symptoms or complications. For the fetus, untreated infections can have particularly severe consequences. Severe infections, particularly viral ones, increase the risk of miscarriage, congenital developmental abnormalities, and low birth weight, which in turn is linked to a higher likelihood of health complications in infancy, childhood, and even adulthood (M. Y. Chan, M. A. Smith 2018).
Permitted and prohibited medications during pregnancy
In general, medication use during pregnancy is not recommended, but there are circumstances where it becomes necessary – in such cases, tested and relatively safe preparations for the fetus can be considered. These include, for example, alcohol-free syrups (including herbal remedies) and cough rinses without codeine or guaiacol. A cold should be treated solely with saline solution or regular sea salt, while all preparations containing decongestants for the nasal mucosa are excluded. In cases of fever and muscle pain, paracetamol is the safest choice, whereas diclofenac and ibuprofen are also permitted in the second trimester. Among the absolutely prohibited substances are: aspirin, pseudoephedrine, thyme, plantain, codeine, retinoids, tetracyclines, and fluoroquinolones (antibiotics), as well as laxatives, anticoagulants, and preparations containing St. John's wort. It is crucial to recognize that even approved medications during pregnancy may cause side effects for both the mother and the fetus. Therefore, it is essential to always consult a physician and select appropriate medications and dosages (H. Malm, M. Ellfolk 2016).
Nutrition during infection
Nutrition plays a vital role throughout pregnancy, but it becomes even more critical during infections. In such cases, the diet should be gentle on the digestive system, rich in immunity-boosting nutrients, and easily digestible. Opt for mild and easily digestible foods such as cooked vegetables, rice, lean dairy, and poultry. Conversely, avoid spicy, fatty foods, as well as highly processed items with high sugar and preservative content, which further strain the body. During infections, the immune system requires additional support. Therefore, it is advisable to consume nutrient-dense foods like citrus fruits, leafy greens, pumpkin seeds, and natural yogurt. Additionally, maintaining adequate hydration is essential, especially in cases of fever or increased perspiration.
The Role of Recovery During Illness
Infection places significant strain on a pregnant woman's body, which is already fatigued due to pregnancy. Therefore, ensuring adequate recovery is crucial. Insufficient regeneration and lack of rest can exacerbate symptoms and further weaken the immune system, increasing susceptibility to subsequent infections. It is essential to recognize that rest encompasses more than just sleep; it also involves avoiding excessive physical exertion and stress. It is advisable to minimize physical activity and engage in relaxing activities such as reading, listening to music, or meditating.
Cough treatment
Coughs can be categorized into two types, each requiring distinct treatment approaches. A dry cough is marked by a scratching sensation in the throat and trachea, uncontrollable spasms, and persistent coughing. It may occur both during the day and night. After approximately 2–3 days, it transitions into a productive cough, which is less burdensome for the patient. This type is characterized by thick, viscous mucus that accumulates in the throat and trachea, necessitating frequent expectoration. An effective home remedy for dry cough is a homemade onion and sugar syrup. Simply chop 2–3 onions, sprinkle them with sugar, and let them sit for several hours until juice is released. The prepared syrup should be taken three times daily in 1–2 tablespoon doses. Other methods include a decoction of mullein and flaxseeds, which hydrate the airways. Productive coughs can be treated with steam inhalations using saline solution and essential oils such as chamomile or lavender. Gargling with saltwater twice daily is also recommended. Inhalations can be administered via a nebulizer, which moisturizes the respiratory tract and thins mucus.
Treating nasal congestion
For nasal congestion, various forms of hot steam inhalation, such as steam therapy, with the addition of saline solution and essential oils like peppermint, lavender, chamomile, or sage, are beneficial. Inhaling the aroma of freshly peeled and sliced onions, as well as regularly rinsing the nose with saline solution, can also be effective. In cases of severe congestion, warm compresses on the nose and forehead may be applied.
Fever Management
Unfortunately, natural remedies are insufficient to reduce a fever exceeding 38°C. In such instances, paracetamol administration is necessary. For mild fevers, cold compresses on the forehead, a cool bath, and adequate hydration may be beneficial (O. Tomaszewska 2023).
A beverage with a consistency not exceeding 10 mm in thickness
Components: a substantial portion of fresh ginger (approximately 20 g), several fresh mint leaves, a glass of water, a thin slice of lemon, one teaspoon of honey (optional). Preparation method: 1. Slice the ginger root into thin pieces; peeling is unnecessary. 2. Pour water into a pot, add ginger and mint. Bring the mixture to a boil, then reduce heat to maintain a gentle simmer for 5 minutes (for a more robust ginger flavor, simmer for up to 10 minutes). 3. Remove the pot from heat and carefully strain the infusion through a fine sieve. 4. Serve hot with a lemon slice and, if desired, add honey.
Ginger-infused shot
Ingredients: ½ of a small orange, a small lemon, a piece of ginger (approx. 10 g), a pinch of pepper. Preparation: 1. Extract juice from the orange and lemon, add sliced ginger, and blend thoroughly. 2. Strain through a fine sieve and incorporate the pepper.
Oliwia Kaczmarek
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