The Role of Gluteal Muscles in Strength Training
Laura Schneider
2026-03-23
6 min. read
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Nowadays, it is quite prevalent for both physically active and inactive individuals to suffer from pain in the lumbar region, which is caused by insufficient control over the gluteal muscles, and not, as some propose, by mistakes in exercise execution. The glutes are a pivotal muscle responsible for stabilizing posture and reducing the burden on the extensors, thereby safeguarding the lumbar region from damages or injuries.
Anatomy of the gluteal muscles
Three types of muscles form the gluteal wall and perform various functions in the body. The first of these is the large gluteal muscle, which is the strongest and largest of the three. In its fully developed state, it resembles the shape of a protective helmet. Its attachments are located along the pelvis and the lumbar ligament, while the end attachments are on the outside of the thigh bone and along the thick band of connective tissue called the broad fascia. Its function is to control the rotation of the thigh outward, lift the leg to the side, and pull the thigh back towards the body. The next muscle is the medium gluteal muscle, which is located on the outer side of the pelvis and forms a depression visible from the side. The anterior fibers of the medium muscle work together with the small gluteal muscle, which is located under the medium, during the flexion of the hip and the internal rotation of the thigh. The posterior fibers of the medium muscle support the extension of the hip and the external rotation of the thigh. The last muscle is the small gluteal muscle, whose initial attachment is on the pośladkowej surface of the hip bone, while the end attachment is on the anterior surface of the greater trochanter of the femur. Its function is to abduct, extend and flex, as well as rotate outward and inward the hip joint.
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