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The role of omega-3 fatty acids: Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in the diets of pregnant women and infants – emphasis on the significance of DHA in prenatal and early childhood development
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The role of omega-3 fatty acids: Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in the diets of pregnant women and infants – emphasis on the significance of DHA in prenatal and early childhood development

David Janitzek
David Janitzek
Nutritional Science Pregnancy Omega-3 And Omega-6 Fatty Acids Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Maternal Supplementation Essential Nutrients Omega-3 Fatty Acids Omega-6 Fatty Acids Dietary Supplementation Omega Fatty Acids Energy Metabolism Fatty Acids
David Janitzek Author
2026-09-24 Date
6 min. read article.read_time
5 Chapters
The gestational period represents a distinct phase for both the maternal organism and the developing fetus, which necessitates an elevated supply of essential nutrients and energy. Of particular interest to nutritionists and pediatric specialists in this context are the long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids belonging to the omega-3 family, specifically eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Due to inherent limitations in human metabolism—namely, the inability to synthesize de novo double bonds at the n-3 position—their consistent provision through dietary intake or supplementation becomes indispensable, thereby reinforcing their classification as essential nutrients (referred to as *essential fatty acids*).

EPA and DHA

It is not until now known that polyunsaturated fatty acids constitute an important structural component of cell membranes and are also one of the most important building blocks of the central nervous system. Among all LC-PUFA, a unique role (especially during critical periods of human life) is attributed to docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an omega-3 fatty acid. Its greatest amounts are found in marine fish (fish, mackerel, turkeys, sardines) and freshwater fish (seals). It is also found in fish oils, seaweed and seafood.

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Omega-3 And Omega-6 Fatty Acids Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Maternal Supplementation Essential Nutrients Omega-3 Fatty Acids Omega-6 Fatty Acids Dietary Supplementation Omega Fatty Acids Energy Metabolism Fatty Acids
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