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Fish contamination with heavy metals – Causes and health effects
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Fish contamination with heavy metals – Causes and health effects

Minerals And Vitamins In Diet Vitamins And Minerals In Fish Omega-3 And Omega-6 Fatty Acids Vitamins And Minerals Omega-3 Fatty Acids Omega Fatty Acids Nutrients And Minerals Omega-6 Fatty Acids Minerals And Vitamins Minerals In Fish
Mia Hoffmann Author
2026-03-25 Date
4 min. read article.read_time
4 Chapters
Fish plays an exceptionally significant role in our diet, as it provides a wide range of nutrients, vitamins, minerals, and omega-3 fatty acids. Nevertheless, it is not advisable to consume them more than two to three times a week, as they can also contain harmful substances. We will learn which species of fish are the best choice.

Faktoren, die zur Fischverschmutzung führen

Hauptursache ist die Verunreinigung von Gewässern durch Industrie, intensive Landwirtschaft, Ölverschmutzung, kommunale und industrielle Abwässer. Schädliche Stoffe gelangen über die Nahrung in den menschlichen Körper, insbesondere durch Fisch und Meeresfrüchte, die häufig mit Schwermetallen, Pestiziden und Dioxinen belastet sind. Fische mit längerer Lebensdauer reichern mehr Schadstoffe an als kurzlebige Arten.

Schwermetallbelastung von Fischen

Zu den gesundheitsschädlichen Schwermetallen zählen Quecksilber, Cadmium und Blei. Quecksilber liegt hauptsächlich in organischen und anorganischen Verbindungen vor. Besonders giftig sind organische Quecksilberverbindungen, die durch Umwandlung von anorganischen Stoffen in Gewässern entstehen. Die Hauptquelle der Quecksilberbelastung beim Menschen ist der Verzehr von Fisch und Meeresfrüchten. Quecksilber schädigt vor allem das Nervensystem. Laut Verordnung (EU) Nr. 1881/2006 der Kommission vom 19. Dezember 2006 beträgt der zulässige Quecksilbergehalt in Fischprodukten 0,050 mg/kg; für bestimmte Arten wie Hecht, Zackenbarsch, Pelamide, Aal, Heilbutt, Marlin, Thunfisch, Barsch, Meerbrasse, Zander, Grenadier, Kabeljau, Schwertfisch und Stör liegt der Grenzwert bei 1,0 mg/kg. Cadmium kommt als Chlorid und Sulfat vor und schädigt den gesamten Organismus, insbesondere das Fortpflanzungssystem. Nach Verordnung (EU) Nr. 488/2014 der Kommission vom 12. Mai 2014 beträgt der zulässige Cadmiumgehalt in Fischprodukten 0,50 mg/kg, mit Ausnahmen wie Makrele und Thunfisch (0,10 mg/kg), Tazan Marun (0,15 mg/kg), Sardellen, Sardinen und Sardellen (0,25 mg/kg), Krustentiere (0,50 mg/kg) und Muscheln (1,0 mg/kg). Blei liegt als Nitrat und Acetat vor und beeinträchtigt bei Überdosierung die Atmung und den Blutkreislauf. Laut Verordnung (EU) Nr. 2015/1005 der Kommission vom 25. Juni 2015 beträgt der zulässige Quecksilbergehalt in Fisch 0,30 mg/kg.

Fischvergiftung und deren schädliche Auswirkungen auf die Gesundheit schwangerer Frauen und den Fötus

Schwangere Frauen sollten besonders vorsichtig sein, da bestimmte chemische Verbindungen durch die Plazenta gelangen und die Entwicklung des Fötus beeinträchtigen können. Eine der gefährlichsten Substanzen ist Methylquecksilber, ein starkes Neurotoxin, das zu schweren Entwicklungsstörungen führen kann, darunter geistige Retardierung und Schäden an den Sinnesorganen wie Seh- und Hörvermögen. Daher sollten Schwangere den Verzehr von mit Methylquecksilber belasteten Fischen meiden, darunter Marlin, Schwertfisch, Dorsch, Haie, Thunfisch, aber auch weniger schädliche Arten wie Makrele und Heilbutt.

Wie trifft man bewusste Entscheidungen beim Fischkauf?

Ohne Zweifel sollten alle Raubfische, die durch den Verzehr anderer Tiere giftige Substanzen ansammeln, gemieden werden. Beim Einkauf sollte man auf die Herkunft des Fisches achten und ob er ein MSC-Siegel trägt, das nachhaltige Fischerei und ordnungsgemäßes Management bestätigt. Zudem ist es ratsam, Fisch aus regionalen Fischereien zu wählen, um Transportwege zu verkürzen. Vielfalt ist entscheidend. Man sollte verschiedene Fischarten kaufen, um den Fang der beliebtesten Arten zu begrenzen. Vor dem Kauf sollte man den Verkäufer nach der Herkunft des Fisches fragen. Bei der Entscheidung für den Fischkauf ist es ebenfalls wichtig, über die Sicherheit der Fangmethoden informiert zu sein und versehentlich vom Aussterben bedrohte Arten zu meiden. In der Tabelle wird die Kaufmöglichkeit von Fischen in Abhängigkeit vom Aussterberisiko dargestellt. Tabelle 1 Kaufmöglichkeit von Fischen nach Aussterberisiko. Fische, die gekauft werden können, Vorsicht geboten, nicht kaufen. Dorsch (ostbaltische Population), Dorsch (westbaltische Population), Atlantischer Heilbutt, Flunder, Stint, Rotbarsch, Kleiner Hundshai, Norwegischer Hummer, Tropische Garnele, Hummer, Krabbe, Ostseelachs, Karpfen, Nordseegarnele, Haie und Rochen, Pazifischer Lachs, Zuchtlachs, Seezunge, Makrele, Scholle, Blauflossenthunfisch, Köhler, Pangasius, Aal, Barsch, Zander, Hecht, Maräne, Sprotte, Tilapia, Hering, Thunfisch und alle mit MSC-Siegel. WWF, Was gibt es zum Abendessen, WWF-Umweltführer. Fisch ist in jeder Ernährung sehr empfehlenswert. Denken Sie daran, dass Fisch neben Nährstoffen auch schädliche Substanzen wie Schwermetalle enthalten kann. Daher ist es am besten, ihn 2-3 Mal pro Woche zu verzehren. Schwangere und stillende Frauen sollten die Häufigkeit des Verzehrs einschränken, insbesondere bei großen Raubfischen. Beim Fischkauf sollte man nur vertrauenswürdige Quellen wählen.
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