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Omega-3 and Omega-6 Fatty Acids – Sources of Occurrence and Deficiency Risk

Vitamins And Minerals Omega-3 Fatty Acids Omega Fatty Acids Omega-3 And Omega-6 Fatty Acids Omega-3 Omega-6 Fatty Acids Fatty Acids Vitamins
Katarzyna Mazur Author
2026-03-23 Date
3 min. read article.read_time
3 Chapters
Nutrients such as vitamins and minerals are present in small quantities in both the human body and food products. However, they are essential for the proper functioning of the body and must be obtained from food. A deficiency or excess of any of them can lead to health disorders.[1] The same applies to omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, which are often referred to as vitamin F. Let's examine their sources of occurrence and the risk of deficiency.

Nienasycone kwasów tłuszczowych typu omega-3 i omega-6

W skład witaminy F wchodzą kwas a-linolenowy (ALA) oraz kwas linolowy (LA), będące przykładami wielonienasyconych kwasów tłuszczowych typu omega-3 i omega-6. Te kwasy są niezbędne dla poprawnego funkcjonowania organizmu ludzkiego, jednakże nie możemy ich wytwarzać samodzielnie, gdyż nie posiadamy odpowiednich enzymów do ich syntezy.[2] Oba kwasy tłuszczowe występują w organizmie ludzkim w oparciu o zasadę konkurencyjnego przeciwdziałania, co oznacza, że ich metabolity wykazują działanie przeciwstawne. Metabolity kwasu linolowego mają działanie prozapalne, podczas gdy metabolity kwasu a-linolenowego są przeciwzapalne oraz hamują agregację płytek krwi.[3]

Nienasycone kwasy tłuszczowe - występowanie

Według zaleceń Międzynarodowego Towarzystwa Badań Kwasów Tłuszczowych i Lipidów, dzienna podaż energii z pożywienia zawierającego kwas linolowy powinna wynosić 2%, podczas gdy dla kwasu α-linolenowego powinno to stanowić 0,7% [4]. Duża ilość kwasu linolowego występuje w produktach roślinnych, takich jak oleje spożywcze: słonecznikowy, sojowy, rzepakowy i buraczany. Z kolei kwas α-linolenowy jest powszechny w błonach chloroplastów roślinnych oraz w nasionach, choć w mniejszym stężeniu. Warzywa liściaste zawierają kwas α-linolenowy w ilości 40-60% ogólnej zawartości kwasów tłuszczowych. Niemniej jednak, należy pamiętać, że poziom tłuszczu w tych roślinach jest bardzo niski, w związku z czym nie odgrywają one znaczącej roli jako źródło witaminy F [5].

Niedostateczna ilość kwasówω wielonienasyconych (witamina F)

Kliniczne badania na dorosłych i dzieciach oraz próby na zwierzętach wykazały, że niedostateczna ilość niezbędnych kwasów wielonienasyconych może prowadzić do: hamowania rozwoju zmian skórnych (np. suchej, łuszczącej się i mętnej skóry), niedoboru krwinek płytkowych, zmniejszenia wydzielania ślinianek, zwiększenia spożycia płynów, monitorowania fizjologicznych funkcji serca, wątroby, nerek oraz innych narządów i tkanek, podniesienia ciśnienia tętniczego, osłabienia płodności, obniżenia odporności i zwiększenia podatności na infekcje.. Należy również zauważyć, że nie tylko niedobór kwasów wielonienasyconych w diecie jest szkodliwy dla zdrowia, ale także nadmierne spożywanie tych kwasów może mieć negatywne skutki dla organizmu.. Witamina F, inaczej zwana kwasami α-linolenowym i linolowym, jest niezbędnym składnikiem pokarmowym.. Można ją znaleźć w olejach roślinnych, nasionach i zielonych liściach.. Braki tych kwasów mogą prowadzić do poważnych problemów zdrowotnych.
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