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Diabetes, obesity, and hypertension as significant health challenges for today's youth

Julia Wójcik

Julia Wójcik

2026-03-17
10 min. read
Diabetes, obesity, and hypertension as significant health challenges for today's youth
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In recent years, there has been a significant rise in metabolic disorders, which are directly linked to the adverse effects of environmental factors on human health. Previously, such conditions were predominantly associated with adults. However, they are now increasingly diagnosed in children and adolescents as well. Among the most serious health risks are metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, obesity, and hypertension.

Cukrzyca u dzieci

To poważna choroba metaboliczna, zaliczana do grupy chorób cywilizacyjnych.. Na jej etiologię składa się wiele czynników.. Charakterystycznym dla niej objawem jest przewlekła hiperglikemia, spowodowana przez problemy w wydzielaniu lub tworzeniu insuliny.. Może być związana z obydwoma zaburzeniami.. Coraz bardziej wyraźny jest wzrost zachorowań dzieci i młodzieży.. Cukrzycę można podzielić na dwa zasadnicze rodzaje: cukrzycę typu 1 i cukrzycę typu 2.. Cukrzyca typu pierwszego to cukrzyca insulinozależna (IDDM), objawia się bezwzględnym niedoborem insuliny, który spowodowany jest zniszczeniem komórek beta trzustki, odpowiedzialnych za jej wytwarzanie.. Jest to rodzaj cukrzycy występujący u 90% młodych ludzi chorych na cukrzycę.. Wykrywany jest najczęściej we wczesnym dzieciństwie.. Początek choroby jest bardzo gwałtowny.. Cukrzyca typu drugiego to cukrzyca insulinoniezależna (NIDDM).. Polega na insulinooporności ze względnym niedoborem insuliny.. Najczęściej jest wykrywana u młodych ludzi w okresie pokwitania lub trochę później.. To ok. 10% zachorowań na cukrzycę.. Wykrywanie nie jest proste, ponieważ początki choroby często są ukryte i nieswoiste.. Cukrzyca jako choroba może być następstwem innych zaburzeń, należą do nich, m.. in. Genetyczne uszkodzenie komórek trzustki beta, genetyczne defekty działania insuliny, choroby trzustki, endokrynopatii oraz innych zespołów genetycznych takich jak: zespół Downa, Klinefeltera, Turnera, Wolframa i wiele, wiele innych.

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