The physiological role of manganese in humans: implications of excessive intake and deficiency within the body
Laura Schneider
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Diets Premium Expert • 24.09.2026
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Scientifically reviewed by a clinical dietitian:
This article has been peer-reviewed for adherence to IŻŻ, WHO, and PTGiP clinical nutritional standards.
| Diets Premium Expert Laura Schneider | min read 3 min | Scientifically reviewed by a clinical dietitian 24.09.2026 |
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Key Takeaways
Manganese represents an essential trace element found in the natural environment in diverse chemical configurations—both as organic and inorganic compounds—exhibiting multiple oxidation states. Though present in the human body only in minute trace concentrations, it plays a pivotal role in a wide array of biochemical processes.
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Manganese in the body
Manganese affects numerous enzymes involved in protein and fatty acid synthesis, including those responsible for the production of thyroxine (T4)—an inactive form of thyroid hormone—and potent antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase. Its adequate level in the body supports proper nervous system and brain function. Furthermore, it influences pancreatic function, promotes skin health, and plays an essential role in the formation of bone and connective tissues.
Manganese is scarce
Manganese deficiency is rarely encountered due to its widespread presence in everyday food products. When concentrations in the body fall, its fecal excretion is naturally restricted. However, low manganese levels can adversely impact the locomotor and nervous systems, increasing susceptibility to bone and joint injuries as well as the risk of osteoporosis. Deficiencies may also delay neurological and physical development, deteriorate skin integrity, and reduce fertility. Because manganese is required for key enzymes, its deficiency disrupts lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, potentially contributing to hypocholesterolemia and impaired glucose tolerance.
There's too much manganese
Manganese toxicity occurs sporadically and is rarely caused by dietary intake from wholesome food; exceptions include water sources heavily contaminated or naturally saturated with manganese. Excess manganese exerts neurotoxic effects. Chronic ingestion via polluted drinking water (>10 mg manganese per liter) manifests through muscle aches, memory impairment, persistent fatigue, and tremors of the extremities.
Manganese poisoning
Manganism primarily affects individuals working in mining, smelting, metallurgy, and battery manufacturing, where intoxication occurs mainly through inhalation. Illicit drug users preparing methcathinone (ephedrone) with potassium permanganate are also at severe risk. Toxic manganese accumulation severely impairs brain and neurological function, producing debilitating motor and cognitive deficits clinically resembling Parkinson's disease.
What's manganese in it?
The highest concentrations of manganese—exceeding 2 mg per 100 g of product—are found in whole-grain breads, unrefined cereals, buckwheat groats, nuts, and legumes such as beans, peas, and chickpeas. A single cup of brewed tea can provide up to 1.3 mg of this essential trace mineral. Manganese is indispensable for the healthy operation of the nervous system, brain, and locomotor framework. Because it is widely available across nutrient-dense plant foods, healthy individuals consuming a balanced diet rarely experience clinical deficiencies or excess.
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Laura Schneider
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