Menopause, representing the final menstrual cycle in a woman’s lifespan, constitutes a pivotal biological transition in reproductive capacity. From an evolutionary standpoint, questions arise regarding potential benefits derived from the cessation of fertility, given that it precludes the transmission of one’s genetic material. The so-called "grandmother hypothesis"—a complement to the "maternal hypothesis"—posits that older women may enhance the survival prospects of their genes by actively investing in the care of grandchildren rather than risking late-term pregnancy, which carries an escalating threat of perinatal complications that endanger both maternal and fetal survival. This adaptive mechanism may have evolved as a long-term strategy to maximize reproductive success across generations.
Menopause
Menopause is the natural stage of life of every woman, occurring between 45 and 55 years of age (sometimes earlier). It is associated with a significant decrease in the production of hormones by the ovaries. Decreased ovarian activity occurs after 40 years.
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