Diet with Minimal Allergy Frequency

Food allergies typically affect children up to the age of 2-3 years, as their immune system is constantly developing and affects their nutrition. Food components supplied with the diet enable the colonization of the digestive tract by beneficial microorganisms (F. van Wijk, L. Knippels 2007). Food allergies affect around 6-8% of small children, of which 4.5% are children under the age of 1 year. It is particularly common in children who are fed modified milk (2.7%) compared to those who are fed naturally (1.8%) (M. Kaczmarski, J. Semeniuk, A. Krasnow 2000). The most common food allergens in children are cow's milk, chicken eggs, soy, wheat, peanuts, other nuts, fish, and shellfish, which are known as the big eight allergens (S. H. Sicherer, H. A. Sampson 2006, I. C. Hospers, K. de Vries-Vrolijk, P. L. P. Brand 2006).

Avoidance of food allergies focuses on reducing the risk of their occurrence in children with increased risk. In healthy parents, the likelihood of their child developing an allergy ranges from 5 to 15%. However, if one parent is an allergy sufferer, the risk increases to 20-40%, and if both parents are allergy sufferers, the risk reaches 40-60%. Environmental factors such as air pollution, fuel combustion, use of antibiotics (especially in the first two years of the child's life) and excessive hygiene have an impact on the development of allergies. Exposure to tobacco smoke can lead to frequent inflammatory diseases of the respiratory tract and asthma. Scientific studies have shown that the use of an elimination diet by the mother during breastfeeding has no basis for the prevention of allergies in children (M.S. Kramer 2000; F.R. Greer, S.H. Sicherer, A.W. Burks 2008). The diet should be varied and balanced, as it affects not only the quality of food but also the physical and mental development of the child. It is recommended to consume products with the least possible processing, without preservatives and dyes during breastfeeding and at any age. The best way to prevent allergies is exclusive breastfeeding for 4-6 months (A. Høst et al. 2008). This reduces the risk of atopic dermatitis, cow's milk protein allergy, and asthma (I. Kull et al. 2005). In the prevention of food allergies in children with increased atopy risk, but without symptoms, the use of hydrolyzed protein is recommended - with low or high degree of hydrolysis. It is best if they are enriched with prebiotics, as they have a positive impact on health. Studies have shown that the use of hydrolyzed protein with prebiotics in children up to the 6th month of life reduces the risk of atopic dermatitis up to the 2nd year of life. Additionally, the risk of bronchitis, urticaria, infectious diseases, especially those requiring antibiotic therapy, is reduced (S. Arslanoglu et al. 2008). The use of soy products is not recommended, as soy often causes allergies. An interesting fact concerns peanuts - early introduction of peanuts into the child's diet reduces the risk of developing allergies to them in children with increased risk (G. du Toit et al. 2015). Most children (about 80%) with diagnosed food allergies in infancy outgrow the disease, usually by the 4-5th year of life.

In the case of a diagnosed food intolerance, an elimination diet is recommended, which applies to both the breastfeeding mother and the baby if the diet is already expanded. There is no need to cease breastfeeding, quite the contrary, as it supports the development of the immune and digestive systems. In the case of an intolerance to cow's milk protein, a dairy-free diet is introduced for both the mother and the baby. The diet should eliminate substances causing intolerance in a restrictive manner. During lactation, the diet should provide adequate protein, fat, vitamins, and minerals. In the case of a dairy-free diet, even for a short period, the supplementation of calcium, vitamin D, and DHA fatty acids is crucial.

The foundation of treating food allergies lies in the introduction of a suitably composed elimination diet. It is worth noting that every elimination of food items from the diet should precede laboratory test results, and it is best to initiate dietetic therapy under the supervision of an expert - a nutritionist and an allergologist. The key lies in excluding all allergens, incorporating pharmacological treatment, and supplementing with probiotics and prebiotics as a supporting therapy. Correctly administered treatment allows for halting the progression of allergic disease.

When using a diet that excludes certain groups of products, mistakes can be made unconsciously, which may lead to invisible results. The most commonly made errors are related to the introduction of allergenic product substitutes, which may also cause allergies or not meet the requirements for the food ingredients supplied by the eliminated food. In the case of an allergy to cow's milk protein, a common substitute is the milk of other animals - goat or sheep. However, in practice, the sequence of amino acids present in these types of milk is similar to that of cow's milk, which means that after the introduction of goat or sheep milk, the same symptoms as in the case of cow's milk may appear. Therefore, it is recommended to use plant-based beverages as a substitute for animal milk, such as oat, rice, coconut, soy, almond or nut drinks. However, it should be noted that rice drink is not recommended for children under 4 years of age due to the arsenic content, and soy drink may cause allergic reactions in children with an allergy to cow's milk protein. Also, drinks made from nuts are not suitable for children with a nut allergy.

For thickening, we can use banana puree. For binding, we can use baking powder or baking soda. For dilution, we can use apple juice. For binding, we can use flax seeds and starch. For bubbling, we can use potato flour and water. The most common reaction to cereal is a wheat allergy. The replacement is often orchid, which is an ancestral type of glutathione, but it should also be eliminated from the diet as an essential ingredient. For binding, we can use breakfast cereal that is contaminated with meals. For spraying, we can use mineral oil and water. The most common reaction to cereal is a wheat allergy.