Dietary and phytotherapeutic support for the immune system

Natural immunostimulants known as Β-glucans activate numerous immune cells daily, primarily macrophages. This enhances the body's resistance to bacterial, viral, fungal, and parasitic diseases while also improving the effectiveness of antibiotics. In 2002, the FDA (Food and Drug Administration) determined that consuming 3 g of β-glucan per day alongside 30–35 g of dietary fiber boosts immune system activity. Such quantities can be found, for example, in 2/3 cup of oatmeal or 1/3 cup of wheat bran. Certain mushrooms, such as oyster mushrooms or Asian shiitake, are also rich in these compounds. Probiotics and prebiotics – bacteria from the genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, as well as carbohydrate substances that promote their growth (e.g., inulin) – play a crucial role in maintaining immunity. Many people are unaware that a significant portion of the immune system is located near the intestinal mucosa. Immune cells situated in the so-called Peyer's patches can rapidly respond to pathogens ingested through food and „learn“ which food proteins to tolerate (preventing allergies). Lactobacillus bacteria colonizing the intestinal mucosa protect the body from disease in several ways. Firstly, they compete with pathogenic microorganisms by occupying their space and limiting nutrient availability, and they even produce targeted substances such as bacteriocins or lactic acid, which acidify the environment, making it inhospitable. They activate macrophages for antigen presentation to B lymphocytes and phagocytosis, increase antibody synthesis, and elevate the number of NK cells and lymphocytes in peripheral blood while also influencing cytokine secretion. Additionally, they enhance mucus production, facilitating the trapping and removal of pathogenic microorganisms. Food sources: yogurt, supplements, fermented foods, functional foods.