Allergies are regarded as the pandemic of the 21st century, particularly in highly developed nations where environmental pollution is substantial. Furthermore, the enhancement of hygienic living conditions has led to a decrease in microbiological stimulation. Less interaction with parasites, fungi, and bacteria results in the immune system not being sufficiently stimulated, thereby leading to an incorrect response. Potentially harmless factors such as food and inhalation allergens are perceived as threats.
The most frequently occurring food allergens in children
Food allergies typically affect children up to the age of 2-3 years, as their immune system is constantly developing and affects their nutrition. Food components supplied with the diet enable the colonization of the digestive tract by beneficial microorganisms (F. van Wijk, L. Knippels 2007). Food allergies affect around 6-8% of small children, of which 4.5% are children under the age of 1 year. It is particularly common in children who are fed modified milk (2.7%) compared to those who are fed naturally (1.8%) (M. Kaczmarski, J. Semeniuk, A. Krasnow 2000). The most common food allergens in children are cow's milk, chicken eggs, soy, wheat, peanuts, other nuts, fish, and shellfish, which are known as the big eight allergens (S. H. Sicherer, H. A. Sampson 2006, I. C. Hospers, K. de Vries-Vrolijk, P. L. P. Brand 2006).
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