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Omega-3, -6, -9. What They Are and How They Differ

Omega-3 Fatty Acids
Max Müller Author
2026-03-24 Date
3 min. read article.read_time
4 Chapters
Omega-3, omega-6, and omega-9 fatty acids are composed of long chains of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. Their distinctive feature is the presence of double bonds between selected carbon atoms, which makes them classified as unsaturated fatty acids, as opposed to saturated fatty acids, which lack such double bonds.

Omega-3

Kwasy omega-3 należą do rodziny kwasów tłuszczowych wielonienasyconych, co oznacza, że posiadają nie jedno, ale wiele wiązań podwójnych. Omega-3 są też nazywane niezbędnymi nienasyconymi kwasami tłuszczowymi (NNKT), ponieważ organizm nie jest w stanie ich sam wytworzyć. Należy je dostarczyć do organizmu wraz z dietą lub uzupełnić odpowiednimi suplementami. Do najważniejszych kwasów omega-3 zalicza się: – kwas alfa-linolenowy (ALA), który posiada 18 atomów węgla i 3 wiązania podwójne; – kwas eikozapentaenowy (EPA), który posiada 20 atomów węgla i 5 wiązań podwójnych; – kwas dokozaheksaenowy (DHA), który posiada 22 atomy węgla i 6 wiązań podwójnych. Chociaż wszystkie trzy należą do jednej rodziny, różne są źródła, z których możemy je pozyskać. ALA znajduje się głównie w produktach roślinnych takich jakolej lniany, olej rzepakowy czy orzechy. Jednak EPA i DHA znajdziemy w produktach zwierzęcych, szczególnie w tłustych rybach morskich takich jak makrela, łosoś i śledź. Spożycie kwasów omega-3 ma ogromny wpływ na zdrowie. Omega-3 poprawia pracę układu sercowo-naczyniowego, redukuje prawdopodobieństwo choroby niedokrwiennej serca, powstawania blaszek miażdżycowych, odmian nowotworów, wspomaga rozwój oczu i mózgu i chroni przed chorobą Alzheimera.

Kwasy tłuszczowe omega-6 i ich soli

Również te kwasy tłuszczowe są wielonienasycone i posiadają wiele wiązań podwójnych. Wśród głównych kwasów omega-6 można wymienić: kwas linolowy (LA) z 18 atomami węgla i 2 wiązaniami podwójnymi; kwas gamma-linolenowy (GLA) z 18 atomami węgla i 3 wiązaniami podwójnymi; oraz kwas arachidonowy (AA) z 20 atomami węgla i 4 wiązaniami podwójnymi. Kwasy omega-6 można znaleźć w produktach takich jak jajka, olej słonecznikowy, olej rzepakowy, czerwone mięso, drób i orzechy. Spośród odmian omega-6 szczególnie wyróżnia się gamma-linolenowy, który obniża ciśnienie, zmniejsza ryzyko niektórych nowotworów i przynosi pozytywne skutki dla zdrowia skóry. Należy jednak zaznaczyć, że nadmierne spożywanie kwasów omega-6 może mieć negatywny wpływ na zdrowie.

Niezaspokojone kwasy tłuszczowe omega-9

Kwasy tłuszczowe omega-9 są mniej popularne niż inne rodzaje, ponieważ mają tylko jedno wiązanie podwójne i są klasyfikowane jako należące do rodziny kwasów tłuszczowych mononienasyconych. Do kwasów omega-9 zalicza się kwas oleinowy, który zawiera 18 atomów węgla i 1 wiązanie podwójne. Kwas ten występuje w oliwie z oliwek, oleju słonecznikowym, orzechach awokado. Chociaż rodzaj kwasy tłuszczowe omega-9 jest rzadziej wspominany, to kwasy omega-9 wykazują wiele korzyści zdrowotnych, szczególnie jeśli chodzi o układ sercowo-naczyniowy - obniżają poziom całkowitego cholesterolu, jednocześnie podnosząc poziom cholesterolu HDL, tzw. dobrego, co redukuje ryzyko miażdżycy. Wysokie spożycie kwasów omega-9 jest charakterystyczne dla mieszkańców obszaru Morza Śródziemnego, gdzie oliwa z oliwek jest często używana jako składnik wielu potraw. Mimo wysokiego spożycia tego tłuszczu, wskaźnik chorób sercowo-naczyniowych jest tam rekordowo niski.

Proporcja kwasów tłuszczowych omega-6 do omega-3

Chociaż zarówno jeden, jak i drugi typ tych kwasów tłuszczowych wydają się mieć pozytywny wpływ na organizm, to jednak ich nieodpowiedni stosunek w diecie może mieć negatywny wpływ na zdrowie. Standardowa dieta w krajach zurbanizowanych zawiera zbyt dużo kwasów omega-6 w porównaniu z omega-3. Statystycznie, ten stosunek wynosi 20:1, jednak zaleca się utrzymywanie go na poziomie 4:1 lub nawet lepiej 2:1. Niestabilność prowadzi do nadmiernego wytwarzania związków prozapalnych i przyczynia się do zwiększonego ryzyka chorób serca, nowotworów i artretyzmu. Aby temu zapobiec, należy ograniczyć spożywanie produktów przetworzonych i unikać smażenia w głębokim tłuszczu. Warto także regularnie zacząć spożywać tłuste ryby morskie i dodawać olej lniany do sałatek. Podczas wybierania suplementów dietetycznych lepiej wybrać wyłącznie kwasy omega-3, a nie kombinację omega-3, omega-6 i omega-9, ponieważ te dwa ostatnie już są obecne w diecie, czasami w nadmiarze.
Max Müller

Max Müller

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