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Trans Fats

Olivia Davis Author
2026-03-15 Date
4 min. read article.read_time
4 Chapters
Two of the most health-detrimental fats are saturated fats and the so-called trans-unsaturated fatty acid isomers, and while the former are not beneficial to the body, trans fats cause even more serious damage. Is it possible to evade them in modern times? In which products do they appear? How do trans fats originate?

Transfette - was sie sind und wie sie entstehen

Transfette entstehen durch einen industriellen Hydrierungsprozess, bei dem Pflanzenöle und darin enthaltene ungesättigte Fettsäuren hydrogeniert werden. Ungesättigte Fettsäuren enthalten mindestens eine Doppelbindung in den Molekülen. Die Anordnung der Atome innerhalb dieser Bindung bestimmt, ob sie von cis- oder trans-Typ sind. Die in Pflanzenölen natürlich vorkommenden ungesättigten Fettsäuren haben eine günstige cis-Konfiguration, die sich jedoch durch den Hydrierungsprozess in eine trans-Konfiguration verwandelt. Im Verlauf dieses Prozesses werden die Moleküle ungesättigter Fettsäuren mit Wasserstoffatomen angereichert, die sich an der Doppelbindung anlagern und so Einfachbindungen - gesättigte Verbindungen - bilden. Da dieser Schritt reversibel ist, bilden sich Doppelbindungen teilweise wieder, aber die Substituenten lagern sich bereits in einer anderen Konfiguration an - trans.

Hat wirklich die Anordnung von "cis" und "trans" einen entscheidenden Einfluss?

Die Änderung der Ausrichtung von Substanzen in der Doppelbindung mag unbedeutend erscheinen, hat jedoch erhebliche Auswirkungen auf die Qualität von Fett und seine Eigenschaften: - Gesundheitlich, die Position von cis bestimmt alle positiven Eigenschaften ungesättigter Fettsäuren, - Technologisch, Fette vom Transformationstyp, im Gegensatz zu den Isomeren von cis, haben eine konstante Konsistenz, sind widerstandsfähiger gegen Licht und Temperatur (was ihre Haltbarkeit verlängert), haben einen feinen, krämischen Geschmack und können mehrfach verwendet werden. Aufgrund dieser technologischen Eigenschaften werden Transfette in der Lebensmittelindustrie verwendet, um den Geschmack von verarbeiteten Lebensmitteln zu verbessern und ihre Haltbarkeit zu verlängern.

Transfette in der täglichen Ernährung

Zu den Produkten, die am meisten Transfett enthalten, zählen: Salzige Snacks: Chips, Stäbchen, Stärkekugeln, Salzkekse, Popcorn usw., Süßwaren: Donuts, Kekse und Kuchen, leider auch solche, die zu Hause auf der Basis von so beliebten harten Fleischmargarinen hergestellt werden (Cupmargarines haben in der Regel nur wenige Transfettsäuren, aber die Etiketten sind zu lesen); andere Süßigkeiten: Biscuits, Tee, Schokolade usw.; Fastfood, Suppen und Saucen in Pulver, fertige Speisen. Die weit verbreitete Verwendung von Transfetten ermöglicht es, die maximal zulässige Tagesdosis zu überschreiten (man nimmt an, dass der maximale Anteil von Transfetten in der Ernährung 1% der täglichen Energie nicht überschreiten sollte). Es ist auch erwähnenswert, dass isomere Transfette in natürlichen Produkten in geringem Umfang vorhanden sind: in Milch und ihren Produkten sowie Fleisch von Wiederkäuern (es gibt am wenigsten davon in Geflügel und Schweinefleisch, größere Mengen finden sich in Rind- und Lammfleisch). Zahlreiche wissenschaftliche Studien haben jedoch gezeigt, dass isomere Transfette in natürlichen Produkten keine schädlichen Auswirkungen haben und außerdem ihr Gehalt in den angegebenen Produkten sehr gering ist. Es besteht daher keine Notwendigkeit, diese Bestandteile aus der Ernährung zu eliminieren, man sollte sich jedoch an die Vielfalt und angemessenen Anteile der konsumierten tierischen und pflanzlichen Produkte erinnern.

Der Einfluss von Transfetten auf die menschliche Gesundheit

Um das Ausmaß des Problems im Zusammenhang mit dem übermäßigen Verzehr von Transfetten zu verstehen, ist es notwendig, ihre Auswirkungen auf den menschlichen Körper zu verstehen. Der Verzehr dieser Fette kann zu: – Herz- und Kreislauferkrankungen führen, nicht nur den Spiegel des sogenannten LDL-Cholesterins erhöhen, sondern auch die Konzentration seiner gesunden Fraktion senken, was zu Arteriosklerose, koronarer Herzkrankheit und anderen schweren Erkrankungen führt; – Fettleibigkeit, insbesondere viszerale Fettleibigkeit, die zu Herzkrankheiten oder Diabetes führen kann. Es wird auch angenommen, dass übermäßiger Verzehr von Transfetten das Risiko von Typ-2-Diabetes, Krebs, Depressionen erhöht und möglicherweise die Fruchtbarkeit senkt. Aufgrund der ernsthaften Risiken im Zusammenhang mit übermäßigem Verzehr von Transfetten haben einige Länder geeignete gesetzliche Regelungen zur maximalen Menge von Transfetten in Lebensmitteln eingeführt. Das 2019 veröffentlichte EU-Verordnung wird ab April 2021 für Lebensmittelhersteller in Polen verbindlich sein, wobei der Grenzwert für Transfette in Lebensmitteln auf 2% (maximal 2 g Transfette pro 100 g Produkt) festgelegt ist. Aus Gründen der Gesundheit ist es daher ratsam, hochgradig verarbeitete Lebensmittel aus der Ernährung zu eliminieren.
Olivia Davis

Olivia Davis

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