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Magnesium: biological function, deficiency symptoms, and consequences of insufficient intake – which nutrients are depleted due to magnesium supplementation?
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Magnesium: biological function, deficiency symptoms, and consequences of insufficient intake – which nutrients are depleted due to magnesium supplementation?

Nutritional Science Dietary Supplements Magnesium Supplementation Magnesium
Max Müller Author
2026-09-24 Date
3 min. read article.read_time
5 Chapters
Minerals constitute a class of chemical compounds that the human body cannot synthesize independently, meaning their sole source must be dietary intake. Based on their concentration within tissues, they are categorized into two primary groups: macroelements, which require a daily intake exceeding 100 milligrams, and microelements, needed in substantially smaller quantities. Among the essential macro-minerals is magnesium—a critical element for myriad physiological functions, the inadequate supply of which may result in significant homeostatic imbalances [1].

Magnez

Jest jednym z najważniejszych jonów niezbędnych do prawidłowego funkcjonowania organizmu.. Obecność magnezu konieczna jest dla ponad 300 biochemicznych reakcji, które w nim zachodzą [2].. Ponad połowa magnezu w organizmie człowieka znajduje się w kościach (55 – 60%), 40 – 45% w komórkach tkanek miękkich, głównie w mięśniach, a zaledwie 1% w płynach pozakomórkowych [3].

Magnez – rola w organizmie

Magnez jest niezbędny w procesach syntezy oraz rozpadu związków wysokoenergetycznych, głównie ATP, dzięki czemu możliwe jest m.. in. Dostarczanie energii do pracy mięśni.. Obecność magnezu wymagana jest również w wielu etapach biosyntezy białka, w biosyntezie kwasów nukleinowych oraz przy przemianach węglowodanów i metabolizmie tłuszczów [3].. Pierwiastek ten jest także konieczny dla prawidłowej pracy mózgu.. Dodatkowo zwalnia procesy starzenia się i działa przeciwstresowo.. Magnez przyspiesza wchłanianie wapnia w przewodzie pokarmowym.. Jest również niezbędny dla prawidłowej pobudliwości tkanki mięśniowej i nerwowej.. Dzięki obecności magnezu możliwy jest aktywny transport sodu oraz potasu [1].

Niedobór magnezu

Dobowe zapotrzebowanie na magnez wynosi około 300–400 mg.. Zwiększa się ono jednak podczas uprawiania wysiłku fizycznego, z powodu silnego stresu, w czasie ciąży i w okresie karmienia.. Zapewnienie optymalnego spożycia magnezu niezbędne jest dla prawidłowego funkcjonowania wielu narządów.. Wyniki przeprowadzonych badań wskazują, iż dieta większości osób nie zawiera wystarczającej ilości pokarmów bogatych w magnez, takich jak zielone warzywa liściaste, produkty pełnoziarniste czy orzechy [4].. Niedobór magnezu występuje najczęściej na skutek niedostatecznej jego podaży z pożywieniem, upośledzonego wchłaniania z przewodu pokarmowego (np.. Na skutek przewlekłych biegunek), a także z powodu zwiększonego wydalania przez nerki (np.. U alkoholików, chorych leczonych diuretykami czy u cukrzyków).. Nadmierne wydalanie magnezu wraz z moczem, które prowadzić może do powstania jego niedoboru ma miejsce również podczas stresu [3].. Do niedoborów pierwiastka mogą przyczynić się fosforany, związki fitynowe oraz duża ilość błonnika i wapnia w pożywieniu.. Zmniejszają one bowiem wchłanianie magnezu z przewodu pokarmowego [1].

Skutki niedoboru magnezu

Wśród najważniejszych skutków niedoboru magnezu w organizmie wymienia się: zaburzenia krążenia, zaburzenia pracy serca, nadpobudliwość, niedokrwistość, zaburzenia w zachowaniu, pogorszenie odporności organizmu, kruchość kości, większą zapadalność na nowotwory [1].

Co wypłukuje magnez?

Niedobory magnezu wynikają nie tylko z niedostatecznej podaży tego pierwiastka wraz z pożywieniem, ale również z powodu nadmiernego wydalania z organizmu.. Zwiększenie wydalania magnezu przez nerki ma miejsce u osób stosujących leki moczopędne, u cukrzyków oraz u osób nadużywających alkoholu [3].. Kwas fosforowy zawarty w popularnych napojach gazowanych również powoduje zmniejszenie poziomu magnezu.. Dodatkowo przewlekły stres oraz silne pocenie się prowadzą do zwiększonego wydalania pierwiastka z organizmu [5].. Bardzo popularny jest pogląd, dotyczący negatywnego wpływu kawy na utrzymanie prawidłowego poziomu magnezu.. Istnieją badania wskazujące, iż nadmierne spożywanie kofeiny zawartej w kawie sprzyja zwiększonemu wydalaniu magnezu z organizmu [6].. Duża część publikacji odnoszących się do przyczyn niedoboru magnezu nie wspomina jednak o kofeinie.. Te badania, które wśród substancji zmniejszających poziom magnezu w organizmie wskazują na kawę, zwracają uwagę na fakt, iż efekt ten spowodowany jest piciem dużych ilości kawy (powyżej 4 filiżanek) [7].. Magnez jest pierwiastkiem niezbędnym dla prawidłowego funkcjonowania organizmu.. Jego niedobór prowadzić może do poważnych problemów zdrowotnych.. Dlatego powinniśmy zadbać o to, aby każdego dnia w naszej diecie znalazły się produkty bogate w magnez.. Warto pamiętać o tym zwłaszcza w okresach, gdy zapotrzebowanie na ten pierwiastek wzrasta.
Max Müller

Max Müller

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