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Is the Glycemic Index Necessary?

Carbohydrates Diet Carbohydrate Corn Glycemic Index Glycemic Index (GI) Diabetes
Wojciech Wiśniewski Author
2026-03-19 Date
4 min. read article.read_time
4 Chapters
The glycemic index (GI) is a tool that facilitates the selection of food in the diet, especially for individuals with diabetes. The GI can be used to determine how blood glucose levels change after consuming certain foods. How is the GI calculated? On a coordinate system, a curve is presented that reflects the changes in blood glucose levels over time after consuming a product containing 50 grams of available carbohydrates (i.e., carbohydrates minus fiber). Subsequently, the area under this curve is calculated and compared to the area under the curve reflecting blood glucose levels after consuming 50 grams of pure glucose. In this way, for example, a GI value of 50 for sweet corn means that the area under the glycemic curve is half as small as the area of pure glucose.

Glykämischer Index - seine Verwendungszwecke

Aufgrund des glykämischen Index werden Produkte in drei Kategorien unterteilt: hoher glykämischer Index (>70), mittlerer glykämischer Index (56-70) und niedriger glykämischer Index (55 und niedriger). Je niedriger der glykämische Index eines Produkts ist, desto langsamer steigt der Blutzuckerspiegel nach dessen Verzehr an, was viele Vorteile bringt. Das Wissen über den glykämischen Index von Produkten ist für Menschen mit Diabetes von unschätzbarem Wert. Die Vorbeugung von Komplikationen dieser Krankheit besteht darin, den Blutzuckerspiegel zu kontrollieren. Das Überwachen des Anstiegs des Blutzuckerspiegels kann den Insulinbedarf verringern, das Auftreten von Komplikationen bei Hyperglykämie verhindern und das Lipidprofil verbessern. Die Auswahl von Produkten mit niedrigem glykämischem Index verhindert einen plötzlichen Anstieg des Blutzuckerspiegels, was zu einer sanften hormonellen Reaktion führt. Die plötzliche Freisetzung von Insulin nach dem Verzehr leicht verdaulicher Kohlenhydrate ist auch mit der Verstärkung der Lipogenese in Fettgewebe verbunden. Einige Studien zeigen, dass eine Diät mit niedrigem glykämischem Index die Insulinempfindlichkeit der Zellen erhöhen kann. Die Kenntnis des glykämischen Index von Produkten oder die geschickte Verwendung von Tabellen erleichtert die Zusammenstellung einer ausgewogenen Ernährung auf der Grundlage von Produkten mit niedrigem und mittlerem glykämischen Index.

Produkte mit einem niedrigen bis mittleren glykämischen Index

Produkte mit einem niedrigen bis mittleren glykämischen Index sollten die Hauptquelle von Kohlenhydraten in der Ernährung sein. Wie bereits erwähnt, sind sie besonders wichtig für die Ernährung von Menschen mit Diabetes. Der Austausch von Produkten mit einem hohen IG gegen solche mit niedrigerem IG kann zu einer Verringerung des glykierten Hämoglobins führen. Diäten mit niedrigem IG werden auch für Menschen empfohlen, die übergewichtig oder fettleibig sind. Man nimmt an, dass sie bei der Gewichtsreduzierung wirksam sind, da sie ein längeres Sättigungsgefühl vermitteln (sie sind in der Regel reicher an Ballaststoffen). Weitere Forschungen sind jedoch erforderlich.

Wann sollten Nahrungsmittel mit hohem glykämischem Index verzehrt werden

Nahrungsmittel mit hohem glykämischem Index (IG) haben auch ihre Verwendung, z.B. bei Hypoglykämie, d.h. wenn der Blutzuckerspiegel unter den Normalwert fällt. In einer solchen Situation ist es notwendig, den Blutzuckerspiegel sofort zu erhöhen, daher ist es ratsam, schnell verdauliche Kohlenhydrate in Form von reinem Glukose oder klarem Fruchtsaft zu sich zu nehmen. Nach intensivem Training, wenn die Muskelglykogenspeicher (Glukosespeicher in den Muskeln) erschöpft sind und eine schnelle Ergänzung erforderlich ist, sollten wir auf Nahrungsmittel mit hohem IG zurückgreifen. Auf diese Weise wird Glukose schnell aufgenommen und zur Bildung von Glykogen verwendet. Zu den Nahrungsmitteln mit hohem IG gehören z.B. Kartoffelpüree, Maisflocken, Baguette, Weißbrot, Pommes frites, Wassermelonen, Honigmelonen, Dosenpfirsiche, reife Bananen, Gummibärchen und andere Süßigkeiten.

Faktoren, die den glykämischen Index beeinflussen

Unsere Nahrungsmittel haben unterschiedliche glykämische Indizes, die von ihrem Ballaststoffgehalt abhängen. Ballaststoffe sind nicht anfällig für die Wirkung von Verdauungsenzymen im menschlichen Körper. Beta-Glucan ist besonders wichtig, da es sich um eine lösliche Ballaststoffquelle handelt. Es erhöht die Viskosität des Nahrungsmittelinhalts, was die Kohlenhydrataufnahme erheblich verlangsamt. Auch Fett spielt eine entscheidende Rolle, da es die Magenentleerung verzögert und somit die Glukoseaufnahme aus dem Darm verzögert. Ungesättigte Fettsäuren können sich mit den Ketten von Amylose und Amylopektin verbinden, wodurch ein Komplex entsteht, der die Wirkung von beta-Amylase erschwert. Es wird empfohlen, ungesättigte Fettsäuren in Form von Pflanzenölen in die Ernährung aufzunehmen, aufgrund ihrer zahlreichen gesundheitlichen Vorteile, einschließlich entzündungshemmender Wirkungen. Obwohl der glykämische Index nicht perfekt ist, deuten einige Studien darauf hin, dass eine Diät mit niedrigem IG positive Auswirkungen haben kann, wie leichtere Kontrolle des Blutzuckerspiegels, effektivere Gewichtsreduktion und Linderung von Akne-Symptomen. Wir empfehlen daher, mindestens eine Diät mit niedrigem IG auszuprobieren und individuell den Einfluss auf das Wohlbefinden und die Gesundheit zu bewerten.
Wojciech Wiśniewski

Wojciech Wiśniewski

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