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Acne – What It Is and How to Manage It
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Acne – What It Is and How to Manage It

Lena Bauer
Lena Bauer
Lena Bauer Author
2026-09-25 Date
10 min. read article.read_time
23 Chapters
Acne is commonly perceived as a hormonal disorder, which is an integral part of the maturing process. However, it can be caused by various factors. How to effectively treat acne-affected skin? How to care for acne-prone skin? What are the causes of acne?

Trądzik – definicja, przyczyny i mechanizm powstawania zmian skórnych

Trądzik pospolity, znany również jako *acne vulgaris*, stanowi przewlekłe, zapalne schorzenie dermatologiczne o złożonej patogenezie. Jego podłoże tkwi w dysfunkcji jednostek łojowo-włosowych, gdzie dochodzi do nadmiernej aktywności gruczołów łojowych – co prowadzi do nadprodukcji sebum – oraz zaburzeń procesu keratynizacji naskórka, skutkujących nadmiernym rogowaceniem komórek. Konsekwencją tych zaburzeń jest obturacja (zablokowanie) ujść mieszków włosowych, uniemożliwiająca prawidłowe wydzielanie łoju na powierzchnię skóry. Nagromadzone sebum tworzy entonces sprzyjające środowisko dla kolonizacji przez bakterie beztlenowe, takie jak *Cutibacterium acnes* (dawniej *Propionibacterium acnes*), a także dla rozwoju innych patogenów, w tym drożdżopodobnych grzybów z rodzaju *Malassezia*. Proces ten inicjuje kaskadę reakcji zapalnych, prowadząc do powstawania charakterystycznych wykwitów: zaskórników otwartych ("czarne kropki") i zamkniętych ("białe zaskórniki"), grudek, krost, a w zaawansowanych przypadkach – torbieli i guzków ropnych. Nieleczone zmiany mogą ulegać perforacji, pozostawiając po sobie trwałe blizny zanikowe, przerosłe lub przebarwienia potrądzikowe. Lokalizacja zmian najczęściej obejmuje obszary o największej gęstości gruczołów łojowych: twarz (szczególnie czoło, nos i broda, tzw. strefa T), szyję, górną część klatki piersiowej oraz plecy, choć w rzadszych przypadkach może występować na ramionach czy górnych partiach ud.

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