Eine unzureichend ausgewogene Ernährung während der Schwangerschaft kann tiefgreifende und dauerhafte Entwicklungsstörungen beim ungeborenen Kind verursachen, die sich sowohl pränatal als auch nach der Geburt auf dessen Gesundheit auswirken. Welche spezifischen Nährstoffe sollten vermieden oder reduziert werden, und auf welche gilt es, besonderen Wert zu legen? Wie lässt sich ein Speiseplan gestalten, der nicht nur alle essenziellen ernährungsphysiologischen Anforderungen erfüllt, sondern auch den Alltag erleichtert – ohne dass Unsicherheiten über die richtige Ernährung zu einer zusätzlichen psychischen Belastung werden?
What and how much to eat when you're pregnant?
Pregnant women should avoid a single diet, even if they are trying to choose healthy foods. It is worthwhile to diversify meals, try different vegetables and fruits, eat different types of cereal products, i.e. cassava, pasta, rice, to ensure that they import as many vitamins and minerals as possible. The need for these ingredients is often greater during pregnancy and it is difficult to cover them with a monotonous diet. Details on pregnant women's diet can be found here.
The body mass index (BMI) in pregnancy
It doesn't matter what the baseline body weight is before pregnancy. When a woman is underweight there is a high risk that she will give birth to a baby with low birth weight. However, proper weight gain during pregnancy can protect her from this! This applies to both lean women and those who are a few pounds overweight prior to pregnancy. Below is the number of pounds a woman should gain based on her baseline BMI. BMI <19, 8 → 12, 5-18kg BMI 19, 8-26, 0 → 11, 5-16kg BMI 26-29 7-11, 5kg BMI >29 → <6kg.
Supplements in pregnancy
In order not to lead to deficiencies of these ingredients and thus to serious consequences for the development of the fetus, it is recommended that every pregnant woman use the supplement. This applies especially to folic acid and omega-3 fatty acids, however, any form of supplementation should be consulted by a doctor. However, during pregnancy, the demand for certain nutrients increases: folic acids 0.4 mg/ day Supplements for pregnant women.