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Sarcopenic obesity: A geriatric syndrome marked by concurrent muscle atrophy and excessive adiposity
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Sarcopenic obesity: A geriatric syndrome marked by concurrent muscle atrophy and excessive adiposity

Health Conditions Weight loss / Fat burn Body Fat Percentage Adipose Tissue Muscle Mass Functional Obesity
Tim Klein Author
2026-09-24 Date
2 min. read article.read_time
2 Chapters

Sarcopenic obesity constitutes a multifaceted pathophysiological condition that emerges with advancing age, defined by the paradoxical coexistence of two opposing phenomena: a progressive increase in overall body mass—primarily driven by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue—concomitant with degenerative muscle deterioration, manifested as reductions in both lean muscle mass and functional capacity. The diagnosis of this syndrome hinges on meeting strictly delineated criteria, which include a body mass index (BMI) exceeding 35 kilograms per square meter, a total body fat percentage surpassing 35%, a fat mass index of at least 9.5 kg/m², alongside a skeletal muscle mass index falling below two standard deviations from the mean reference values established for the 18–39-year-old population cohort.

Otyłość sarkopeniczna – przyczyny

Zjawisko to częściej dotyka mężczyzn, ponieważ w procesie starzenia ich masa mięśniowa zostaje szybciej utracona niż u kobiet (między innymi przez zmniejszenie wydzielania testosteronu).. Rozwój sarkopenii może potęgować niska aktywność fizyczna, ale w jej rozwoju mają swój udział również uwarunkowania genetyczne.. Nadmierny zanik masy mięśniowej może być powodowany także przez zaburzenia tarczycy, niedożywienie oraz niektóre choroby przewlekłe (np.. Reumatoidalne zapalenie stawów).

Otyłość sarkopeniczna – objawy

Objawy otyłości sarkopenicznej to przede wszystkim osłabienie mięśniowe, szybko powstające zmęczenie, niska wytrzymałość na wysiłek, zaburzenia równowagi i koordynacji ruchowej oraz nadmierna masa ciała.. Im wcześniej rozpoznamy u siebie to schorzenie, tym lepiej, ponieważ wiąże się ona z ryzykiem rozwoju osteoporozy, upadkami i urazami, złamaniami, unieruchomieniem czy brakiem samodzielności w wykonywaniu codziennych czynności.. Dodatkowo otyłość może powodować cukrzycę, choroby układu krążenia oraz nowotwory.. Postępowanie terapeutyczno-profilaktyczne w przypadku otyłości sarkopenicznej to przede wszystkim zmiana stylu życia poprzez zwiększenie aktywności fizycznej oraz właściwy sposób odżywiania.. Najbardziej efektywnym rodzajem treningu dla osób z sarkopenią jest trening siłowy (oporowy).. Dzięki ćwiczeniom siłowym można uzyskać przyrost masy oraz siły mięśniowej.. Trening oporowy u osób starszych poprawia zdolność do chodzenia, wchodzenia po schodach oraz podnoszenia cięższych przedmiotów.. Oprócz samego treningu w terapii otyłości sarkopenicznej niezbędna jest także odpowiednia dieta.. Ważne jest, aby w każdym posiłku spożywać 20–30 g białka, co pobudza nasz organizm do produkcji białek mięśniowych.. Należy również wprowadzić restrykcję kaloryczną, która pozwoli nam wrócić do wagi mieszczącej się w normie BMI.. Wyraźne zwiększenie zaniku mięśni obserwuje się w kolejnych dekadach życia.. Jest to proces nieunikniony, nawet u osób aktywnych fizycznie.. Co innego jednak, jeśli zmniejszenie masy mięśniowej jest o wiele większe niż powinno, a dodatkowo występuje nadmierna tkanka tłuszczowa, której obecność powoduje tylko pogorszenie możliwości ruchowych oraz ryzyko chorób.. Warto dbać o masę naszych mięśni już w młodym wieku, aby starzejąc się mieć energię do życia.. Podstawą powinna być regularna aktywność fizyczna.. W końcu bezczynność ruchowa najmocniej osłabia siłę mięśni.
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