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Postbiotics: Definition and Mechanism of Action

Autoimmune Diseases Probiotics Healthy Prebiotics
Emilia Szymańska Author
2026-09-25 Date
6 min. read article.read_time
10 Chapters
In recent years, knowledge about the impact of microbiota, which are bacteria that inhabit the human body, on human function has been increasing. Disorders in the composition of the microbiota can contribute to the development of allergies and autoimmune diseases. Therefore, many scientists are working on ways to influence the composition of the microbiota and restore it to a healthy state. Currently, prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics are primarily used for this purpose. However, recently, a new group, postbiotics, has gained popularity. Therefore, it is worth considering what they are and how they operate, as well as how they differ from other preparations.

Begriffsbestimmung: wissenschaftliche Definition von Postbiotika nach aktuellen Forschungserkenntnissen

Gemäß der maßgeblichen Definition der International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) bezeichnen "Postbiotika" Präparate, die inaktivierte Mikroorganismen bzw. deren biologisch aktive Bestandteile enthalten und eine gesundheitsfördernde Wirkung auf den Wirt ausüben (Salminen et al., 2021). Diese Kategorie umfasst somit nicht nur vollständige, abgetötete Bakterienzellen, sondern auch strukturelle Komponenten wie Zellmembranfragmente oder Peptidoglykan-Schichten sowie Metaboliten, die durch mikrobielle Fermentationsprozesse entstehen. Zu diesen Substanzen zählen unter anderem organische Carbonsäuren, verschiedene B-Vitamine und kurzkettrige Fettsäuren – etwa Acetat, Propionat und Butyrat –, die eine zentrale Rolle bei der Aufrechterhaltung der intestinalen und systemischen Homöostase spielen.

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