Physical Activity as a Component of Protection Against Cardiovascular Diseases

The cardiovascular system, also known as the circulatory system, is a closed system that delivers blood to the arteries and capillaries that surround the organs. It consists of the lymphatic and blood vessels. The primary task of the circulatory system is the transport of oxygen and nutrients to individual cells and organs within the human body. It also moves the products of metabolism to the excretory organs. A crucial role is played by the blood that circulates through the blood vessels and regulates body temperature through the transportation of heat; distributes hormones that influence the function of organs, tissues, and systems; facilitates wound healing and combating inflammation and infection. The circulatory system can collaborate with organs to perform their functions, such as gas exchange in the lungs or urine production in the kidneys (B.. Marecki 2004).

In today's times, people spend more time sitting, both at work and during their leisure time. The lack of physical activity can lead to many health problems. The human body is designed for movement, and its absence can negatively impact the function of the circulatory system. Numerous scientific studies have shown that regular physical activity with a moderate dose of physical activity positively influences the circulatory system and heart, and reduces the risk of heart disease and death (S. N. Blair i wsp. 1996). In addition, regular physical activity improves overall health and reduces the risk of premature death. An appropriate dose of movement throughout the day prevents the onset of many civilizational diseases such as obesity, overweight, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, cancer, osteoporosis, and depression. For older people, physical activity is of utmost importance in maintaining physical health. It improves concentration, neuromuscular coordination, fitness, and thus quality of life. It also significantly reduces the risk of falls (S. N. Blair i wsp. 1995; W. Drygas, A. Jegier 2003). Regular physical activity can increase calorie expenditure by 700–2000 kcal per week (W. Drygas, A. Jegier 2003). J. N. Morris and M. D. Crawford conducted a study that showed that the risk of a heart attack among physically active bus drivers was significantly lower than among drivers who did not engage in regular sports. Those who spent the most time moving throughout the day were significantly less likely to develop heart disease. Among active people who became ill, the course of the disease was significantly milder (R. S. Paffenbarger Jr. i wsp.). Regular physical activity can also reduce the risk of varicose veins in the legs. It is enough to engage in regular physical activity to improve blood flow in the lower extremities. Even a short walk throughout the day can significantly reduce the risk of varicose veins.

An array of researchers have conducted investigations that have confirmed the positive impact of physical activity on the proper functioning of the cardiovascular system and on the prevention of diseases related to it. Individuals who regularly engage in a high dose of movement are less susceptible to cardiovascular diseases. However, if they do fall ill, they are more likely to recover from the disease with fewer complications than those who have remained inactive for an extended period. Physical activity during youth can also play a significant role in preventing diseases in old age. It is recommended to engage in exercises of moderate intensity, such as strength training, jogging, cycling, or walking. The possibilities are vast, but it is important to maintain consistency.