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Amino Acids and Their Diversity, Classification, Action, and Significance in the Body
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Amino Acids and Their Diversity, Classification, Action, and Significance in the Body

Amino Acids Natural Compounds
Tim Klein Author
2026-03-18 Date
6 min. read article.read_time
4 Chapters
Amino acids are a very broad and extremely diverse category of chemical compounds that fulfill many fundamental functions in the body. The most significant aspect of amino acids is their ability to form proteins, which are the building blocks of the organism. Amino acids can be fundamentally divided into exogenous and endogenous parts. What are their actions and role in the body? Answers to these questions can be found in the following article, which presents their functioning, natural sources, and the importance of providing them in adequate amounts, as well as the differences between them.

Was sind Aminosäuren?

Aus chemischer Sicht sind Aminosäuren eine umfassende Gruppe organischer Verbindungen, die gemeinsam haben, dass mindestens eine basische Aminogruppe und eine saure Hydroxylgruppe in einem Molekül vorhanden sind. Aus diesem Grund gehören Aminosäuren zu einer Gruppe von Ampholyten, die sich sowohl als Säuren als auch als Basen verhalten. Aminosäuren sind die grundlegenden Bausteine in fast allen Proteinstrukturen. Es stellt sich jedoch heraus, dass nur 20 der bisher bekannten 300 Aminosäuren die Baustofffunktion im Körper erfüllen. Diese werden als proteinogene Aminosäuren bezeichnet. Die meisten davon, mit Ausnahme von Prolin, gehören zu den alpha-Aminosäuren. Neben den proteinogenen Aminosäuren gibt es auch nichtproteinogene, die ebenfalls wichtige physiologische Funktionen erfüllen. Ein Beispiel für eine nichtproteinogene Aminosäure ist beta-Alanin, das Teil eines starken Antioxidans, des Coenzyms A, ist. Unten ist die allgemeine chemische Struktur von alpha-, beta- und gamma-Aminosäuren dargestellt. Quelle: Hames H. , Biochemie. Kurze Vorträge, Warschau 2007. Aufgrund ihrer chemischen Struktur, die der von Salzen ähnelt, sind Aminosäuren kristalline Substanzen mit weißer Farbe. Die Schmelztemperatur von Aminosäuren ist sehr hoch. Alle Aminosäuren lösen sich gut in Wasser, wobei Prolin besonders gut löslich ist.

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