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Inflammation and Degeneration of the Knee Joint

Rheumatoid Arthritis
Felix Weber Author
2026-03-21 Date
2 min. read article.read_time
6 Chapters
There are three types of degenerative diseases that can occur within the knee joint. The most common type is degenerative joint disease, which is a progressive condition that leads to chronic damage to the joint cartilage. The second type is rheumatoid arthritis, which can occur at any age. There can also be degenerative joint disease as a consequence of an acute injury to the knee, such as a meniscus tear, ligament strain, or knee dislocation.

Stopniowe pogłębianie się bólu stawowego w przypadku choroby zwyrodnieniowej stawu kolanowego

Ból stawów może postępować powoli, lecz czasami występuje nagle. Pierwsze objawy to bóle, które pojawiają się we wczesnych godzinach porannych lub tuż po wysiłku fizycznym. Kolana mogą bolesnie reagować na schodzenie po schodach, wstawanie z pozycji siedzącej lub klęczenie. Długotrwałe bóle kolan, które utrudniają zasypianie w nocy, mogą być symptomem choroby zwyrodnieniowej stawów.

Obrzęk i wrażliwość na dotyk

W trakcie schorzenia zwyrodnieniowego występują okresowe stany zapalne... Obwodowe obrzęki mogą być bardziej widoczne po dłuższym okresie bezczynności, przykładowo rankiem po przebudzeniu. Skóra w rejonie kolana może być zaczerwieniona i/lub ciepła w dotyku.

Skoki, klekotanie i blokowanie

Z biegiem czasu, w miarę postępu choroby, mięśnie kolanowe mogą ulec osłabieniu, a powierzchnie stawowe całego kolana mogą tracić stabilność. Może dochodzić do przemieszczania się kolana w trakcie obciążania kończyny, np. podczas chodzenia. Kolano może być również często zablokowane, a jego zakres ruchów w zakresie zginania i prostowania może być ograniczony. Te objawy mogą pojawiać się i zanikać bez wyraźnej przyczyny.

Ograniczenie ruchomości w przebiegu choroby zwyrodnieniowej stawów

W toku choroby zwyrodnieniowej stawów, występuje postępujące pogorszenie ruchomości stawowej, co sprawia, że najprostsze ruchy stają się trudne lub wręcz niemożliwe do wykonania. Choroba ta stopniowo prowadzi do degeneracji tkanki chrzęstnej, co może doprowadzić do znacznego ograniczenia zdolności ruchowych i sprawności chorego. W najcięższych przypadkach, postęp choroby może prowadzić do tak poważnego pogorszenia zdolności chodzenia, że poruszanie się stanie się niemożliwe bez użycia kul lub balkoników.

Zmniejszanie przestrzeni w wewnętrznej części stawu

Badanie radiologiczne kolana jest bardzo pomocnym narzędziem diagnostycznym, ponieważ umożliwia wykrycie zmniejszonego obszaru wewnątrz stawu, będącego przyczyną dziwacznych dźwięków i ograniczenia ruchu. Ponadto, na brzegach powierzchni stawowych można zauważyć obecność kostnych narośli, będących wysoce charakterystycznymi objawami choroby zwyrodnieniowej stawów.

Zmiany w stawach

Postępująca artritis często prowadzi do zmian w kształcie kolana. Mięśnie otaczające staw kolanowy mogą ulec znacznemu osłabieniu, a kolana mogą przesuwać się w kierunku wewnętrznym, co może prowadzić do koślawienia.
Felix Weber

Felix Weber

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