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Water as a basic constituent of the organism

Staple Ingredient
Alicja Kowalska Author
2026-03-19 Date
3 min. read article.read_time
3 Chapters
It is widely known that water is essential for life and the proper functioning of the body, and it is now increasingly encouraged to consume water on a daily basis to improve the body's functioning and maintain health, but do we really know what the functions of water are?

Die Bedeutung von Wasser für den Körper

Wasser ist ein essenzieller struktureller und funktioneller Bestandteil des Organismus und bildet die Grundlage seines Bestehens. Es ist unverzichtbar für die korrekte Funktion von Zellen, Geweben und dem gesamten System. Es spielt eine zentrale Rolle bei der Aufrechterhaltung der Homöostase und schafft das Milieu, in dem Stoffwechselprozesse ablaufen. Durch seine Fähigkeit, chemische Substanzen zu lösen, ermöglicht es den Transport von Nährstoffen und die Ausscheidung von Stoffwechselprodukten. Es beeinflusst die Verdauung, die Entgiftung und die Temperaturregulation des Körpers. Darüber hinaus erfüllt es Transportfunktionen und ist an der Thermoregulation beteiligt.

Verteilung von Wasser im Körper

Wasser ist in allen Körperstrukturen vorhanden, jedoch ist seine Verteilung nicht einheitlich in verschiedenen Geweben. Wasser im menschlichen Körper kann unterteilt werden in: intrazelluläres Wasser, das 34–40% des Körpergewichts ausmacht, und extrazelluläres Wasser, das etwa 20% ausmacht. Der Raum, in dem sich Wasser außerhalb von Zellen befindet, kann unterteilt werden in: intravaskulären Raum (Blutplasma, Lymphe) – etwa 5% des Körpergewichts, extravaskulären Raum – etwa 15% des Körpergewichts und transzellulären Raum (z.B. Wasser im Verdauungstrakt, in den Gelenken, in den Augen- und Ohrenflüssigkeiten) – etwa 2–4% des Körpergewichts.

Der Flüssigkeitsgehalt im menschlichen Körper

Der Flüssigkeitsgehalt im Körper (engl. Total Body Water – TBW) variiert je nach Alter, Geschlecht und Körperbau, insbesondere aufgrund des Fettanteils. Der Großteil des Wassers befindet sich im fettfreien Gewebe (Free Fat Mass – FFM) – etwa 70–80%, während im Fettgewebe nur etwa 30% enthalten sind. Bei Neugeborenen und Säuglingen macht Wasser etwa 75% des Körpergewichts aus, doch mit zunehmendem Alter nimmt der Anteil allmählich ab. Bei Erwachsenen liegt er bei 50–60%, bei älteren Menschen bei 45–50%. Diese Unterschiede hängen mit Alter, Körperzusammensetzung und Geschlecht zusammen. Beispielsweise beträgt der Wasseranteil bei Männern über 60 Jahren durchschnittlich 54%, bei Frauen nur 46%. Es gibt verschiedene Methoden zur Bestimmung des Flüssigkeitsgehalts, darunter Labortests, nicht-invasive Messungen und die Beobachtung von Symptomen. Wasser ist essenziell für die Körperfunktionen, daher sollte die Flüssigkeitszufuhr alters- und geschlechtsspezifisch angepasst werden.
Alicja Kowalska

Alicja Kowalska

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