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Nocturnal eating disorders - Symptoms and treatment methods

Obesity Eating Disorders Weight Loss
Laura Schneider Author
2026-09-25 Date
3 min. read article.read_time
3 Chapters
Why do certain individuals, despite their declared diet and exercise plans, fail to shed their weight? They dedicate their time and finances, but they are unable to observe the desired outcomes of their attempts and commitment. The main factor to consider is the loss of control over food, which results in the abandonment of further weight loss efforts, leading to overweight or obesity. Some consume meals between main meals, others hide their food, and a few primarily eat during the night. The latter suffer from nocturnal eating disorders, which negatively impact their chances of weight loss.

Nächtliches Essstörungssyndrom

Das nächtliche Essstörungssyndrom (Night Eating Syndrome) ist eine Essstörung, die durch unkontrolliertes und wiederkehrendes übermäßiges Essen in der Nacht gekennzeichnet ist. Es betrifft 1,5% der Bevölkerung und umfasst Personen, die Essanfälle erleben, abnehmen möchten, an Adipositas, Depressionen, Bulimie oder Schlafstörungen leiden.

Anzeichen des nächtlichen Essenssyndroms

Es gibt mehrere spezifische Anzeichen, die bei der Erkennung dieses Syndroms helfen und die Einleitung geeigneter Maßnahmen ermöglichen. Zu den typischsten Verhaltensweisen und Symptomen gehören: mangelnder Appetit am Morgen, ähnlich wie bei Anorexia, da die betroffene Person mehrere Stunden nach dem Aufwachen keine Mahlzeit zu sich nimmt. Mindestens viermal pro Woche wird das Frühstück ausgelassen; über die Hälfte der täglichen Kalorien wird nach 19 Uhr aufgenommen. Schlafstörungen, Einschlafprobleme, nächtliches Aufwachen zum Essen, Vorliebe für Kohlenhydrate, Schuld- und Schamgefühle aufgrund des nächtlichen Essens, Verschlechterung der Stimmung (Erschöpfung, Unruhe, Anspannung, Schuldgefühle), hormonelle Veränderungen wie reduziertes Melatonin und erhöhte Leptin- und Cortisolspiegel, anhaltende Symptome über mindestens zwei Monate. Die genannten Symptome können durch Stress oder Schlaflosigkeit verstärkt werden oder auftreten. Es gibt Hinweise auf eine mögliche genetische Veranlagung, jedoch keine Gewissheit. Auch Depressionen oder andere psychische Störungen wie Diabetes oder gastroösophagealer Reflux können Ursachen für NES sein. Eine Theorie besagt, dass das Essen unbewusste Träume, Pläne und Gedanken ersetzt, die schwer oder unmöglich zu erkennen sind. Somit dient die Nahrung als eine Art Ausgleich - für Einsamkeit, geringes Selbstwertgefühl oder gedrückte Stimmung.

Therapie der nächtlichen Essstörung

Bei der Behandlung von nächtlichem Essanfällen liegt der Fokus auf einer ganzheitlichen Herangehensweise, die Pharmakotherapie, Ernährungsberatung und psychologische Unterstützung kombiniert. Die medikamentöse Therapie richtet sich in erster Linie an Patienten mit Depressionen oder hormonellen Störungen wie Melatonin- oder Leptinmangel. Ein Ernährungsberater unterstützt bei der Entwicklung gesunder Essgewohnheiten, einschließlich der Planung von Mahlzeiten und der Zubereitung kalorienarmer, nährstoffreicher Speisen. Ein Psychologe hilft durch verhaltenstherapeutische und entspannungstechnische Methoden, Stress und Ängste zu reduzieren. Auch die Schaffung eines komfortablen und hygienischen Schlafraums ist entscheidend, um die Schlafqualität zu verbessern und Schlafstörungen entgegenzuwirken. Patienten sollten nur dann ins Bett gehen, wenn sie müde und schlafbereit sind, den Schlaf auf sechs Stunden begrenzen und tagsüber auf Nickerchen verzichten. Schlafstudien wie EEG, EMG und EOG können bei der Auswahl der passenden Pharmakotherapie helfen. Trotz der Herausforderungen ist die nächtliche Essstörung behandelbar, wobei die Motivation und Disziplin des Patienten entscheidend sind.
Laura Schneider

Laura Schneider

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