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Helicobacter pylori – Learn About This Bacterial Threat, Risk Factors for Infection, and Treatment Methods
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Helicobacter pylori – Learn About This Bacterial Threat, Risk Factors for Infection, and Treatment Methods

Nutritional Science Antibiotics
Felix Weber Author
2026-09-25 Date
5 min. read article.read_time
4 Chapters
Helicobacter pylori is a bacterial microorganism that primarily inhabits the human stomach. According to available data, this infection affects up to 70% of people living in developing countries and about 30% of the population of developed countries. Helicobacter pylori is the main cause of inflammatory conditions within the gastric mucosa and duodenal ulcers. Treatment involves not only administering appropriate medications, including antibiotics, but also introducing a suitable diet that reduces the intensity of symptoms.

Helicobacter pylori – podstawowe informacje

Helicobacter pylori to Gram-ujemna bakteria beztlenowa, która głównie kolonizuje błonę śluzową żołądka i dwunastnicy. Wśród chorób wywołanych przez tę bakterię wymienia się m.in. chorobę wrzodową żołądka i dwunastnicy. Według Światowej Organizacji Zdrowia, Helicobacter pylori jest uznana za czynnik rakotwórczy. Zakażenie tym patogenem jest powszechne i dotyczy ponad połowy światowej populacji, przy czym w krajach o niskim statusie społeczno-ekonomicznym odsetek ten jest jeszcze wyższy. Do zakażenia dochodzi drogą oralno-oralną, gastro-oralną oraz fekalno-oralną, a bakteria rozprzestrzenia się przez wydzieliny, takie jak ślina czy wymiociny. Najczęściej zakażenie występuje w dzieciństwie, zwłaszcza w wieku 10–12 lat, w środowisku rodzinnym. W niektórych regionach, np. w Afryce, Ameryce Południowej oraz niektórych obszarach Azji, zakażenie dotyczy prawie 100% mieszkańców. W krajach rozwiniętych odsetek zakażeń wynosi 20–40%. W Polsce współczynnik zakażenia jest wysoki – według badań, 84% dorosłych i 32% dzieci do 18. roku życia jest zakażonych. W większości przypadków (80–90%) infekcja przebiega bezobjawowo, jednak u 10–20% pacjentów rozwija się choroba, najczęściej zapalenie żołądka lub wrzody żołądka i dwunastnicy. Rzadsze powikłania to rak żołądka, chłoniak typu MALT oraz schorzenia pozajelitowe, np. niedokrwistość z niedoboru żelaza.

Zakażenie Helicobacter pylori – czynniki predysponujące do infekcji

Wpływ wybranych aspektów stylu życia oraz nawyków żywieniowych na zakażenie Helicobacter pylori nie został dotąd jednoznacznie udowodniony. B. Ostrowski i współpracownicy w swojej analizie nie stwierdzili istotnego związku między zakażeniem Helicobacter pylori a paleniem tytoniu czy spożywaniem napojów alkoholowych. Inni naukowcy potwierdzili istnienie związku między paleniem papierosów a zakażeniem Helicobacter pylori, jednak w przypadku spożywania alkoholu nie potwierdzili podobnej zależności (R. S. Mhaskar i wsp. 2013). Takie wyniki nie powinny jednak stanowić pretekstu do nadużywania alkoholu, gdyż jego nadmierne spożycie może prowadzić do uszkodzenia błony śluzowej żołądka. Amerykańscy badacze wykazali związek między spożywaniem słonych i konserwowanych produktów rybnych oraz mięsnych a zakażeniem Helicobacter pylori. Ponadto, zgodnie z ich badaniami, do infekcji może dojść również w wyniku spożywania wody niepoddanej filtracji ani gotowaniu.

Dietetyczne strategie terapeutyczne

W przypadku zakażenia Helicobacter pylori dieta powinna być dostosowana indywidualnie, uwzględniając obecne dolegliwości. Jeśli infekcja przebiega bezobjawowo, nie ma potrzeby modyfikacji dotychczasowego jadłospisu. Natomiast w sytuacji występowania dolegliwości dyspeptycznych wskazana jest dieta łatwostrawna z ograniczeniem produktów nasilających objawy. Kluczowe jest przestrzeganie zasad zdrowego odżywiania, w tym regularne spożywanie 4–5 posiłków w stałych porach. Posiłki należy przyjmować w spokojnym tempie, bez pośpiechu. W ogólnych wytycznych zaleca się eliminację produktów zwiększających wydzielanie kwasu żołądkowego, takich jak kawa, herbata, kakao, napoje gazowane, alkohol, nierozcieńczone soki, ciężkostrawne warzywa i owoce, wywary mięsne i grzybowe, potrawy smażone, marynowane, wędzone, pieczone, słone, pikantne, kwaśne i zbyt gorące. Warto uwzględnić produkty neutralizujące kwasowość, np. chude mleko, jaja, chude mięso drobiowe, królicze, ryby (dorsz, pstrąg, szczupak), tłuszcze roślinne, masło i miękkie margaryny. Metody obróbki żywności powinny obejmować gotowanie na parze, w wodzie, duszenie, przecieranie i miksowanie. Dieta powinna zawierać produkty o działaniu bakteriostatycznym i bakteriobójczym wobec Helicobacter pylori, np. mleko i jego przetwory (laktoferyna), jogurty, kefiry (probiotyki), miody (dębowy, manuka), zieloną herbatę (katechiny), jagodowe owoce (polifenole), warzywa kapustne (izotiocyjaniany, sulforafan), oleje roślinne (oliwa, olej rybny, oleje z nasion) oraz zioła i przyprawy (imbir, cynamon, kolendra, kardamon, oregano, majeranek, rozmaryn, cząber, mięta, szałwia, bazylia, lebiodka, anyż, kminek).

Rola probiotyków w terapii infekcji

Dokonywanie badań potwierdza, że pewne szczepy bakterii probiotycznych posiadają właściwości przeciwdrobnoustrojowe. Mogą one zakłócać procesy przyczepiania się patogenów do komórek gospodarza oraz wytwarzać substancje o działaniu antybakteryjnym, takie jak kwas mlekowy. Takie działanie zostało udowodnione m.in. w przypadku Saccharomyces boulardii oraz Lactobacillus GG. Ponadto, regularne stosowanie preparatów probiotycznych może zmniejszać ryzyko wystąpienia niepożądanych efektów ubocznych leczenia.
Felix Weber

Felix Weber

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