Insulinresistenz – was bedeutet das?

Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that plays a crucial role in maintaining glucose homeostasis in the body. It is one of the most potent anabolic hormones, influencing the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. After absorption by tissues, its peak effect occurs within 2-4 hours. When blood glucose levels exceed normal by 2-3 times, a sudden release of insulin occurs to restore balance. Such situations may arise after consuming sugary snacks like cake, a large portion of chocolate, or a carbonated beverage. Insulin secretion also increases under the influence of intense physical exertion, certain amino acids (e.g., lecithin and arginine), adrenaline, and hunger. Insulin exhibits its strongest activity in adipose tissue, muscles, and the liver, where it inhibits glucose release and accelerates its uptake. Additionally, it stimulates protein and fatty acid synthesis, which, in the presence of excess calories, can lead to muscle growth or fat accumulation.

Insulin resistance refers to a diminished responsiveness of the body to insulin. It may stem from genetic factors, leading to the production of a defective hormone by the pancreas. Alternatively, excessive secretion of insulin-opposing hormones, such as glucagon, growth hormone, thyroid hormones (hyperthyroidism), parathyroid hormone (primary hyperparathyroidism), or androgens, can contribute to its development. However, the primary cause is often an unhealthy diet, particularly the overconsumption of simple sugars, which reduces cellular sensitivity to insulin. In such cases, insulin is absorbed by fat cells. Excess adipose tissue, especially visceral fat, also promotes insulin resistance. Risk factors include low physical activity, a high-calorie diet, and the use of harmful substances like alcohol and tobacco. Some women may develop insulin resistance during pregnancy. Age and gender can also influence susceptibility. Additionally, certain medications may contribute to its onset.

Insulin resistance leads to obesity and excessive fat accumulation, which negatively impacts the function of internal organs. Among the more severe consequences are metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular diseases, and type 2 diabetes. Combined with hypertension and overweight, insulin resistance contributes to the development of atherosclerosis. Another significant concern is non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. This indicates that it poses a serious health threat to modern society, requiring immediate action. Researchers continue to investigate this condition. There are over three dozen diseases linked to poor nutrition. These arise due to malnutrition and lack of physical activity, meaning they can be prevented through a healthy lifestyle. The most common include type 2 diabetes, obesity, hypertension, atherosclerosis, certain cancers, inflammatory bowel diseases, and allergies. These conditions affect an increasing number of people and necessitate changes in dietary habits. Often, this is the first step in treatment. It is essential to address the root causes by improving diet, incorporating regular exercise, prioritizing sleep, and reducing stress. In some cases, particularly in early stages of diseases like diabetes, this may be the sole and sufficient therapeutic approach. Unfortunately, when the condition has progressed, diet alone may not suffice. In such instances, it serves as a solid foundation for pharmacological treatment. In disease states, the body's energy metabolism may undergo changes. Depending on the condition, the demand for specific nutrients may increase or decrease. When developing clinical diets, we consider all these factors, including existing conditions, ongoing treatments, medical recommendations, and test results. This allows us to better tailor the meal plan to the body's needs. Based on the specific issue, we select appropriate ingredients, establish energy, macronutrient, and micronutrient balances to best meet the body's requirements. In clinical diets, we pay close attention to setting the right proportions of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates, which may fluctuate depending on health conditions. The dietary plan relies on easily accessible, minimally processed foods, with seasonal fruits and vegetables in mind. We always consider the patient's preferences and offer substitutes when necessary. We prioritize user comfort by adapting plans to their culinary skills, work schedules, and meal preparation time. A clinical diet provides optimal support for the body in combating disease, supplying essential energy and nutrients, preventing deficiencies, and enhancing digestive comfort.

It is essential to modify dietary habits and engage in regular physical activity. Additionally, incorporating natural spices such as turmeric, which aids glucose absorption, or ginger, which enhances insulin sensitivity, can be beneficial. Cinnamon has also proven effective in lowering blood glucose levels. Furthermore, the herb known as black cumin, consumed in a daily dose of 2 g, demonstrates positive effects in reducing fasting blood glucose and combating insulin resistance. The most effective solution, however, is consuming spirulina, which can increase insulin sensitivity by up to 225%. Thanks to its availability as a dietary supplement, it is easy to adjust the intake to meet individual needs.